Voice Change সহজ নিয়ম, গঠন, উদাহরণ ও অনুশীলন | Class 5-10 English Grammar

🔍 Voice কী?

Voice হলো Verb-এর এমন একটি রূপ, যার মাধ্যমে বোঝা যায়—কাজটি কে করছে নাকি কার ওপর কাজটি হচ্ছে।

Voice দুই প্রকার:

🟢 Active Voice
🔵 Passive Voice

🟢 1. Active Voice কী?

যে Sentence-এ Subject নিজে কাজ করে, তাকে Active Voice বলে।

🧩 গঠন:

👉 Subject + Verb + Object

✨ উদাহরণ:

👉 Rahim writes a letter.

এখানে—

Rahim = কাজ করছে (Subject)
writes = Verb
a letter = যার ওপর কাজ হচ্ছে (Object)

তাই এটি Active Voice।

আরও উদাহরণ:

👉 The boy plays football.

👉 She cooks food.

👉 They built a house.

🔵 2. Passive Voice কী?

যে Sentence-এ Subject-এর ওপর কাজ সম্পন্ন হয়, তাকে Passive Voice বলে।

🧩 গঠন:

👉 Object + Helping Verb + Verb-এর Past Participle (V3) + by + Subject

✨ উদাহরণ:

Active:
👉 Rahim writes a letter.

Passive:
👉 A letter is written by Rahim.

এখানে—

A letter = নতুন Subject
is written = Passive Verb
by Rahim = কাজের কর্তা

🔄 Active থেকে Passive করার সহজ নিয়ম
✅ নিয়ম ১: Object-কে Subject করতে হবে

Active:
👉 The boy kicks the ball.

Object:
👉 the ball

Passive:
👉 The ball is kicked by the boy.

✅ নিয়ম ২: Main Verb-কে V3 করতে হবে

Verb-এর তিনটি রূপ:

Write → Wrote → Written

Eat → Ate → Eaten

Do → Did → Done

Play → Played → Played

Passive Voice-এ সব সময় Verb-এর Past Participle (V3) ব্যবহার হয়।

✅ নিয়ম ৩: Tense অনুযায়ী Helping Verb পরিবর্তন করতে হবে
⏳ Tense অনুযায়ী Voice Change
🟢 Present Indefinite
Active:

Subject + Verb (base) + Object

Example:

👉 He writes a letter.

Passive:

Object + am/is/are + V3 + by + Subject

👉 A letter is written by him.

🟢 Present Continuous
Active:

Subject + am/is/are + verb-ing + Object

Example:

👉 She is cooking food.

Passive:

Object + am/is/are + being + V3 + by + Subject

👉 Food is being cooked by her.

🟢 Present Perfect
Active:

Subject + has/have + V3 + Object

Example:

👉 They have completed the work.

Passive:

Object + has/have + been + V3 + by + Subject

👉 The work has been completed by them.

🔵 Past Indefinite
Active:

Subject + V2 + Object

Example:

👉 He wrote a letter.

Passive:

Object + was/were + V3 + by + Subject

👉 A letter was written by him.

🔵 Past Continuous
Active:

Subject + was/were + verb-ing + Object

Example:

👉 They were playing football.

Passive:

Object + was/were + being + V3 + by + Subject

👉 Football was being played by them.

🔵 Past Perfect
Active:

Subject + had + V3 + Object

Example:

👉 She had finished the work.

Passive:

Object + had been + V3 + by + Subject

👉 The work had been finished by her.

🟣 Future Indefinite
Active:

Subject + will + Verb + Object

Example:

👉 He will do the work.

Passive:

Object + will be + V3 + by + Subject

👉 The work will be done by him.

⭐ বিশেষ কিছু নিয়ম
📌 Imperative Sentence (আদেশ বা অনুরোধ)

Active:

👉 Open the door.

Passive:

👉 Let the door be opened.

আরও:

Active:
👉 Help the poor.

Passive:
👉 Let the poor be helped.

📌 Interrogative Sentence (প্রশ্নবোধক)

Active:

👉 Did he write a letter?

Passive:

👉 Was a letter written by him?

📌 Modal Verb (can, may, must, should)
Active:

Subject + modal + verb + Object

Passive:

Object + modal + be + V3 + by + Subject

Example:

Active:
👉 You can solve the problem.

Passive:
👉 The problem can be solved by you.

🧠 সহজে মনে রাখার সূত্র

🎯 Active:

যে কাজ করে + Verb + যার ওপর কাজ হয়

উদাহরণ:
👉 Rahim reads a book.

🎯 Passive:

যার ওপর কাজ হয় + Helping Verb + V3 + by + যে কাজ করে

উদাহরণ:
👉 A book is read by Rahim.

✍️ অনুশীলন (Practice)

Active থেকে Passive করুন:

1️⃣ The teacher teaches English.

2️⃣ She wrote a story.

3️⃣ They are building a bridge.

4️⃣ He will buy a car.

5️⃣ The students have completed the homework.

6️⃣ Open the window.

✅ উত্তর

1️⃣ English is taught by the teacher.

2️⃣ A story was written by her.

3️⃣ A bridge is being built by them.

4️⃣ A car will be bought by him.

5️⃣ The homework has been completed by the students.

6️⃣ Let the window be opened.

🚀 মনে রাখার শর্টকাট

🟢 Active Voice = Subject কাজ করে

🔵 Passive Voice = Subject-এর ওপর কাজ হয়

⭐ Passive Voice-এ সবসময় মনে রাখবেন:

Object সামনে আসবে + Verb হবে V3 + প্রয়োজন অনুযায়ী Helping Verb বসবে।